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新化方言的給予動詞“把”、“拿”、“拿到”及其句式研究 - 畢業論文
摘 要
普通話中的單純給予義動詞以“給”最為常見，句子給予義的表達有4中基本句式。新化方言中與普通話單純給予義動詞“給”相當的有“把”、“拿”和“拿到”3詞，它們有7種給予義的表達方式，可以進入S1—S77種具體句式，且在各句式中都有不同的特征以及用法和條件，其中S4“N1 把4 N3 V0 N2”兼有S4“N1 把4 N3 V0 N2”和S1“（N1）把/拿 N2 N3”兩種句式，前者是兼有處置義的給予句式；句式S5“N1 把/拿 N3 N2”如果在N2前加上引進動作受物者的介詞“把1”、“拿1”、“拿到1”和“到1”，句式將轉化為S3“N1 把0/拿0 N3 把1/拿1/拿到1/到1 N2”即S3是在S5“N1 把/拿 N3 N2”的N2前加上介詞“把1/拿1/拿到1/到1”后所形成的擴展形式，所以我們可以認為“S3與S5的邏輯關系為S5真包含于S3”； S2“（N1）拿拿1N2（N3）”這種給予句式是新化方言的特有用法，此處的“拿拿”相當與普通話中省略的“給給”形式；S6“N3（N1）V0 N2”是把N3提前到句首作話題主語，重在強調本句所述的與者N1給予受者N2的行為是針對主語N3的1種句式。在實際使用中各句式的使用頻率也各不相同，句式S1、S3和S5，按實際使用頻率的從高到低排列可以標示為：S3＞S1＞S5；句式S4 、S2和S6是3種特殊的語用表達式，它們的實際使用頻率根據具體語用表達的需要來確定。
關鍵詞：給予動詞；“把”；“拿”；“拿到” ；給予句式；句法特征；使用頻率
ABSTRACT
The simplicity in the common speech give the righteousness verb with" give" the most familiar, the sentence give the expression of the righteousness have four medium type. Give with the common speech simplicity in xinhua dialect the righteousness verb" 給(gei)" have very"把(ba)"," 拿(na)" the different from" 拿到(nadao)" three phrases, them have seven kinds of give righteousness of expression methods, can enter seven kinds of types of S1- S6, and all have in each type characteristic and method of usings and conditions, among them the S4" N1 把4 N3 V0 N2" and have the S4" N1 把4 N3 V0 N2" and S1"（N1）把/拿 N2 N3" two kinds of types , the former is and handle the righteousness to give a type; If a type S5" N1 把/拿 N3 N2" plused to usher in before N2 the action was subjected to the thing of preposition"把1"," 拿1" ，" 拿到1"and " 到1", a type will convert into the S3" N1 把0/拿0 N3 把1/拿1/拿到1 /到1N2" namely the S3 is after S5 the N2 of" N1 把/拿 N3 N2" plused the preposition"把1/拿1/拿到1/到1" before become of expanded the form, so we can think" the S3 and S5 logic relations really is include in the S3 for the S5";The S2"（N1）拿拿1N2（N3）" this kind of give a type is xinhua dialect especially useful method,"拿拿" that is here is equal with"給給" form abridge in the common speech;The S6" N3（N1）V0 N2" is to advance the N3 to a head to make the main language of topic, heavy at emphasize that this sentence say of is a kind of type that aims at the main language N3 with the behavior that a N1 gives to be subjected to a N2. The every sentence type frequency of utilization have nothing in common with each other too in using actually, sentence S1 , S3 , S5, one that is according to actual frequency of utilization from high to being low to arrange , can it labels to be: S3> S1> S5; Sentence S4, S2 and S6 whether three special language spend expression formula, actual frequency of utilization of them come , confirm according to the need that the concrete language is used and expressed. Key words: Give verb;"把(ba)";拿(na)";拿到(nadao)"; Give a type;
Sentence construction characteristic; Use the frequency
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